Gynaecology and Obstetrics

During their reproductive years, the menstrual cycle and higher metabolic needs make women especially susceptible to nutritional deficiencies, particularly of iron and magnesium.  

Iron deficiency, one of the most widespread nutritional deficiencies, can lead to iron deficiency anaemia, chronic fatigue, difficulty concentrating and an increased risk of infections. Adequate iron supplementation helps mitigate these effects, supporting energy metabolism and daily vitality. 

Magnesium is crucial for women's well-being, aiding in muscle function and stress management, as well as easing PMS symptoms like mood swings, breast tenderness and cramps. Maintaining optimal magnesium levels also promotes better sleep and emotional stability. 

Other important nutrients for women of reproductive age include: 

During pregnancy, nutrient needs rise significantly to support both foetal development and maternal health. Iron is especially important during this time as it aids in red blood cell production, prevents anaemia and ensures an adequate oxygen supply to the foetus. Iron deficiency during pregnancy can increase the risk of complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight. 

Magnesium is equally important during pregnancy, as it helps prevent uterine hypercontractility and lowers the risk of pre-term labour. It also promotes muscle relaxation and helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels. 

After childbirth, adequate iron supplementation is essential for the mother’s recovery, replenishing blood lost during delivery and preventing post-partum fatigue. Calcium, vitamin D and omega-3s also play vital roles in the post-partum period, supporting bone health, aiding breast milk production and stabilising mood. 

The menopause is a stage of life in which hormonal changes can significantly impact a woman's health. One of the main concerns during this time is the decrease in bone density, which increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. 

Supplementing with calcium and vitamin D is crucial to combat this process and help maintain strong bones. Iron remains crucial for sustaining energy and preventing chronic fatigue, while magnesium helps alleviate symptoms like insomnia, anxiety and muscle cramps.Additionally, omega-3s provide protective benefits against cardiovascular disease, the risk of which rises after menopause due to the decline in oestrogen.